# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Key Components and Their Functions

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Construction

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow and provide comfort during menstruation. The effectiveness of these products depends on the quality and combination of various raw materials used in their production. Understanding these components helps consumers make informed choices about the products they use.

## Core Components of Sanitary Napkins

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric (polypropylene or polyethylene)
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or cotton blends

Key functions:

• Allows quick liquid penetration while keeping the surface dry

• Provides softness and comfort against sensitive skin

• Minimizes irritation and allergic reactions

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most critical component that determines the product’s effectiveness. Common materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

Absorption mechanism:

• Fluff pulp provides immediate liquid absorption

• SAP particles lock in moisture and prevent leakage

• The ratio of these materials affects absorption capacity and thickness

### 3. Back Sheet (Barrier Layer)

The back sheet prevents leakage and protects clothing. Materials used:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous film
– Biodegradable materials (in eco-friendly options)

Important characteristics:

• Liquid-proof to prevent stains

• Flexible for comfortable movement

• Some offer breathability to reduce skin irritation

### 4. Adhesive Components

Several adhesive elements are used:

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive strips (for underwear attachment)
– Hot melt adhesives (for layer bonding)
– Release paper (protects adhesive before use)

Adhesive considerations:

• Strong enough to stay in place

• Easy to remove without residue

• Hypoallergenic formulations

## Additional Features and Materials

### 1. Side Barriers (Wings)

Many modern sanitary napkins include side barriers made from:

– Non-woven fabric
– Elastic materials
– Additional adhesive strips

• Prevent side leakage

• Provide better fit and security

• May contain additional absorbent material

### 2. Fragrance and Deodorizers

Some products include:

– Natural essential oils
– Chemical deodorants
– Activated charcoal

• Mask menstrual odor

• May cause irritation for sensitive skin

• Often omitted in hypoallergenic products

## Material Safety and Environmental Considerations

### Safety Standards

Manufacturers must ensure:

– Non-toxic materials
– Dermatologically tested components
– Compliance with regional regulations

### Eco-Friendly Alternatives

Growing trends include:

– Organic cotton top sheets
– Biodegradable back sheets
– Chlorine-free fluff pulp
– Plant-based SAP

## Conclusion

Understanding the raw materials in sanitary napkins helps consumers choose products that meet their needs for comfort, absorption, and skin sensitivity. As technology advances, we’re seeing more innovations in material science that improve performance while addressing environmental concerns. Whether prioritizing ultra-thin designs, maximum absorption, or natural materials, the combination of these key components determines the final product’s characteristics.