# Sanitary Napkin Raw Materials: Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Napkin Components

Sanitary napkins are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products depend heavily on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary napkins consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific function to ensure protection, comfort, and hygiene.

## Core Materials in Sanitary Napkin Production

### 1. Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene (most common)
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or cotton blends (for organic products)

Key properties:
– Soft and non-irritating
– Quick-drying surface
– Allows liquid to pass through rapidly

### 2. Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial component that determines the product’s absorption capacity. Materials include:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Combination of both

Absorption characteristics:
– Fluff pulp provides bulk absorption
– SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid
– Modern products use a blend for optimal performance

### 3. Back Sheet

The waterproof layer that prevents leaks consists of:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous film (in premium products)
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

Important features:
– Liquid-proof
– Flexible and durable
– May have adhesive strips for secure placement

### 4. Adhesives

Various adhesives serve different purposes:

– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for panty attachment
– Special formulations for wing attachment

## Additional Components

### 1. Release Paper

Protects the adhesive before use, typically made from:

– Silicon-coated paper
– Plastic film

### 2. Fragrance Components (optional)

Some products include:

– Microencapsulated fragrance
– Natural essential oils

### 3. Wing Materials

For products with wings, additional materials include:

– Non-woven fabric
– Special adhesives
– Reinforcement materials

## Material Properties and Performance Factors

### Absorption Capacity

Determined by:
– SAP concentration
– Fluff pulp quality
– Core structure design

### Comfort Factors

Influenced by:
– Top sheet softness
– Product thickness
– Breathability of materials

### Safety Considerations

Important aspects:
– Hypoallergenic materials
– Non-toxic components
– Dermatologically tested

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments include:
– Biodegradable materials
– Organic cotton options
– Chlorine-free bleaching processes
– Reduced plastic content

## Conclusion

Understanding the composition and properties of sanitary napkin raw materials helps consumers make informed choices. Manufacturers continue to innovate with new materials that improve performance while addressing environmental concerns. The balance between absorption, comfort, and safety remains the primary focus in material selection for these essential hygiene products.