# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Components

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, protection, and comfort.

## Core Materials in Sanitary Pads

### Top Sheet (Cover Stock)

The top layer that comes in direct contact with the skin is typically made from:

– Non-woven polypropylene (most common)
– Perforated plastic film
– Cotton or bamboo-based materials (for organic options)

Key properties: Softness, breathability, quick-drying capability, and hypoallergenic qualities

### Absorbent Core

The middle layer responsible for fluid absorption contains:

– Fluff pulp (bleached wood pulp)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes combined with cotton or other natural fibers

Absorption capacity: Can hold 10-15 times its weight in fluid

### Back Sheet

The waterproof bottom layer usually consists of:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films (in premium products)
– Biodegradable materials in eco-friendly options

Properties: Moisture-proof, flexible, and durable

## Additional Components

### Adhesives

– Pressure-sensitive adhesives for pad attachment to underwear
– Hot melt adhesives for layer bonding
– Skin-friendly formulations to minimize irritation

### Release Paper

Protective layer removed before use, typically made from:

– Siliconized paper
– Plastic film

### Fragrance and Additives

Some pads may include:

– Deodorizing agents
– Aloe vera or chamomile extracts
– Antimicrobial treatments

## Material Properties and Performance

### Absorption Characteristics

– SAP content determines absorption speed and capacity
– Distribution systems ensure even fluid spread
– Retention ability prevents reverse flow

### Comfort Factors

– Breathability reduces heat and moisture buildup
– Flexibility allows natural body movement
– Softness prevents skin irritation

### Safety Considerations

– pH-balanced materials
– Hypoallergenic formulations
– Dermatologically tested components

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments include:

– Biodegradable top sheets from plant fibers
– Compostable back sheets
– Reduced plastic content
– Organic cotton options

Manufacturers continue to innovate with sustainable materials while maintaining product performance and comfort standards.