# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Components

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose in absorption, comfort, and protection.

## Core Materials in Sanitary Pads

### Top Layer (Cover Stock)

The top layer is the part that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Non-woven fabric: A soft, breathable material that allows quick liquid penetration
– Perforated plastic film: Provides a dry surface feel while allowing fluid to pass through
– Cotton-like materials: For premium products offering superior softness

### Absorbent Core

This is the most crucial component responsible for fluid retention:

– Fluff pulp: Wood pulp that forms the primary absorbent material
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP): Sodium polyacrylate crystals that can absorb many times their weight in liquid
– Combination layers: Some pads use a mix of pulp and SAP for optimal performance

### Back Sheet

The bottom layer prevents leaks and maintains dryness:

– Polyethylene film: A waterproof plastic barrier
– Breathable microporous film: Allows vapor transmission while blocking liquids
– Cloth-like materials: For more comfortable, flexible products

## Additional Components

### Adhesives

– Pressure-sensitive adhesive: Keeps the pad in place in underwear
– Release paper: Protects the adhesive before use

### Wings

– Non-woven fabric or plastic film: Provides extra protection and secure fit

## Material Properties and Considerations

### Absorbency

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines the pad’s capacity:
– Fluff pulp provides quick absorption
– SAP offers high retention capacity

### Comfort Factors

– Top sheet softness affects skin comfort
– Breathability reduces heat and moisture buildup
– Flexibility ensures proper fit during movement

### Safety Standards

All materials must meet:
– Dermatological safety requirements
– Non-toxic composition
– Hypoallergenic properties for sensitive skin

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on:
– Biodegradable materials
– Organic cotton options
– Reduced plastic content
– Sustainable production methods

## Conclusion

Understanding sanitary pad raw materials helps consumers make informed choices about comfort, absorbency, and environmental impact. Manufacturers continue to innovate with new materials that enhance performance while addressing ecological concerns. The ideal pad combines effective absorption with skin-friendly materials for maximum comfort and protection.