# Sanitary Pad Raw Material Composition and Properties

## Introduction to Sanitary Pad Materials

Sanitary pads are essential feminine hygiene products designed to absorb menstrual flow. The effectiveness and comfort of these products largely depend on the quality and composition of their raw materials. Modern sanitary pads consist of multiple layers, each serving a specific purpose and made from carefully selected materials.

## Core Components of Sanitary Pads

### Top Sheet (Cover Layer)

The top sheet is the layer that comes in direct contact with the skin. It’s typically made from:

– Nonwoven polypropylene or polyethylene
– Perforated plastic films
– Cotton or other natural fibers for premium products

Key properties: Softness, breathability, and quick-drying capability to maintain skin comfort.

### Absorbent Core

The absorbent core is the most crucial part of a sanitary pad, responsible for fluid absorption. It usually contains:

– Fluff pulp (wood cellulose)
– Superabsorbent polymers (SAP)
– Sometimes cotton or other natural fibers

The SAP can absorb many times its weight in liquid, transforming it into gel to prevent leakage.

### Back Sheet

The back sheet prevents leakage and keeps moisture from reaching clothing. Common materials include:

– Polyethylene film
– Breathable microporous films
– Nonwoven materials in premium products

This layer must be waterproof yet comfortable against clothing.

## Additional Components

### Adhesive Layer

The adhesive keeps the pad in place in underwear. It’s typically:

– Pressure-sensitive hot melt adhesive
– Non-allergenic formulations
– Sometimes includes wings with additional adhesive

### Release Paper

Protects the adhesive before use, usually made from:

– Silicon-coated paper
– Plastic films

## Material Properties and Considerations

### Absorbency

The combination of fluff pulp and SAP determines the pad’s absorbency. SAP content typically ranges from 5-30% of the core material.

### Breathability

Modern pads emphasize breathability to reduce skin irritation, achieved through:

– Microporous back sheets
– Air-permeable top sheets
– Channeled core designs

### Skin Safety

Materials must be:

– Hypoallergenic
– Free from harmful chemicals
– Dermatologically tested
– pH-balanced

## Environmental Considerations

Recent developments focus on eco-friendly materials:

– Biodegradable plant-based SAP
– Organic cotton top sheets
– Compostable back sheets
– Reduced plastic content

## Quality Standards

Sanitary pad materials must meet various international standards for:

– Absorbency
– Bacterial content
– Chemical safety
– Skin irritation potential

## Conclusion

The composition of sanitary pad raw materials has evolved significantly to provide better protection, comfort, and safety. Understanding these materials helps consumers make informed choices and manufacturers develop improved products. Ongoing research continues to enhance material properties while addressing environmental concerns.